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iPhone File System: Creating, Renaming and Deleting Files
The iPhone provides a comprehensive set of operations for working with files and directories. NSFileManager includes methods for querying the contents of directories, creating, renaming and deleting contents, as well as getting/setting file attributes (readable, writeable, etc).
Point to the Documents Directory
Each application has its own sandbox in which you can read/write files. Files written to the sandbox are persistent across invocations of the application, including across application updates.
You can locate the Documents directory in the sandbox as shown below:
// For error information NSError *error; // Create file manager NSFileManager *fileMgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; // Point to Document directory NSString *documentsDirectory = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
Creating a File
With the documents directory available, we can now use that path to create a new file in the sandbox and write a few lines of text:
// File we want to create in the documents directory // Result is: /Documents/file1.txt NSString *filePath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"file1.txt"]; // String to write NSString *str = @"iPhone Developer Tips\nhttp://iPhoneDevelopTips,com"; // Write the file [str writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; // Show contents of Documents directory NSLog(@"Documents directory: %@", [fileMgr contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:documentsDirectory error:&error]);
We build a path to the file we want to create (file1.txt), initialize a string to write into the file, and write out the contents. The last line shows a directory listing of what is in the Documents directory after we create the file, see the figure below:
Renaming a File
To rename a file we move the file to a new path. The code below creates the destination path we are after, requests to move the file, and shows the Documents directory after the move.
// Rename the file, by moving the file NSString *filePath2 = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"file2.txt"]; // Attempt the move if ([fileMgr moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:filePath2 error:&error] != YES) NSLog(@"Unable to move file: %@", [error localizedDescription]); // Show contents of Documents directory NSLog(@"Documents directory: %@", [fileMgr contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:documentsDirectory error:&error]);
After moving the file, the output should look similar to the image below:
Deleting a File
To round out this tip, let’s look at how to delete a file:
// Attempt to delete the file at filePath2 if ([fileMgr removeItemAtPath:filePath2 error:&error] != YES) NSLog(@"Unable to delete file: %@", [error localizedDescription]); // Show contents of Documents directory NSLog(@"Documents directory: %@", [fileMgr contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:documentsDirectory error:&error]);
Once the file is deleted, as expected, the Documents directory is now empty:
These examples touch the surface of working with files. Check out the documentation for NSFileManager for all the specifics.
The Apple preferred (yet, abbreviated in this snippet–no check of empty array) way of getting the Documents directory is as follows:
[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex: 0];